Friday, February 12, 2010

GST, its impact, concern and ways to mitigate

adapted from THE EDGE MALAYSIA

The Goods Service Tax (GST), also known as value added tax, was tabled for first reading in Parliament in Dec 16, 2009. The system has already been implemented in 143 countries. Only three Southeast Asian do not practise this taxation system - Malaysia, Brunei and Myanmar.

The government has said that the introduction of GST is necessary to create an alternative source of revenue. Other possible reasons for implementing GST are:

a) The average birth rate is 2.2, so it is expected that by 2030, 12% of the population will be above 60 years old, double the current number. The current 15% of the working population paying taxes will therefore reduce, putting a greater burden on a smaller group of people. GST is a broad-based tax that distribute the burden of taxation among a larger section of the population based on consumption.

b) GST preserve the incentive to work and encourages enterprise as it is not a progressive income tax. The tax rate does not increase according to income level, it is flat at the determined rate.

c) GST is levied at the production and distribution stages, thereby incorporating a self-policing mechanism that facilitates administration and makes it more difficult to avoid or evade. This further reduces the possibility of revenue loss through understatement of tax evasion.

d) The GST model implemented in Malaysia is not expected to have cascading, or pyramiding, effect as the tax on a particular good depends upon its final value, and not the number of production and distribution channel it passes through. Furthermore, the output tax to be paid will be offset against the input tax, and there is no GST levied over GST.

e) GST is expected to provide a more stable source of revenue as consumption is less affected by economic cycles compared to income tax.

f) GST can be an effective tax on the ‘shadow economy’, as those involved would consume, and thus pay indirect taxes through GST. It is likely that involved in such activities would buy luxury goods, which would be subjected to GST.

h) The government is cutting its operating expenditure for 2010 by 13%. This shows it is aware of the growing deficit that has widened due to the stimulus package. Recently, Fitch rating agency has cut the rating of the ringgit, which may cause imported inflation if it depreciates, and the International Monetary Fund commented that the GST needs to be implemented urgently.



Some Concern about the introduction of GST

Inflation

Based on the data on the introduction of GST in Singapore, Australia, New Zealand and Canada, there is a one-off inflation associated with the implementation of GST.

In Malaysia, it was announced that essential goods and services will be not subject to GST. But fears that GST will spark a chain reaction that will increase the prices of most non-controlled items should not be dismissed. We have seen numerous examples of when there is an increase in a certain commodity, it sparks a price rise in most goods and services. For example, when the petrol price increased to RM2.70, prices of most goods, foods and services were hiked. But after the petrol price dropped, there has not been a substantial correction in the prices of goods, food and services.

The relevant ministries are powerless to mitigate the situation and curb the necessary inflation. A recent example is on the removal of the subsidy on white bread resulting in price increase of one loaf of bread by 20 to 30 cents. The Deputy Domestic Trade, Cooperative & Consumer Affairs Minister can only comment that the price adjustment was not necessary, urge traders to practice corporate social responsibility and call on the consumers to execute their power in hand. All these statements will not effectively curb excessive profiteering and traders taking opportunity to increase the price of goods and service. The public would want to know how the government intends to avoid the similar predicament when GST is introduced.

Impact on the people in the street

Generally, the public is concerned that the introduction of GST will hit their wallets directly.

In an initial assessment, as the GST is expected to be lower than service tax, the bill for a restaurant meal will be 1% lower as the service tax rate is 5% and GST is 4%. For other services liable to service tax, a GST rate lower than service tax should result in a slight decrease in charges if the cost of the other components in providing the service remain the same.

On goods that attract sales tax, the current rate seems higher than the proposed GST, hence there might be a reduction if there is no further adjustment. Current rates are as follows;
• Fruits, certain foodstuff and building materials (5%)
• General goods, including motor vehicle (10%)
• Liquor and alcoholic drinks (20%)
• Cigarette and cheroots (25%)

For hawkers - even though they do not have a turnover of RM500,000 yearly, so are not required collect GST - the material procured, for example, noodles, fish balls, processed meat, chicken, equipments for the stall may be subjected to GST, resulting in price hike. But without detailed knowledge or mapping, or even information on the duties charged, the people are uncertain whether the prices of goods and services will remain stagnant, increase or decrease.


Lack of information and confusion on GST

Many articles on the GST have appeared in the media, some negative, some positive. But the piecemeal release of information is creating great concern among the people and in the business sector. For example;

1. Will the authorities furnish an extensive list of item that will be charged GST, and what will be exempted?
2. If a product – like rice or chicken - is exempted, does the exemption apply across the board regardless of the form of the product? For example, is cooked rice or cut, frozen or marinated chicken also exempted?
3. What is the difference between exempt and zero-rated GST?
4. Will there be any reduction in personal and corporate tax?
5. What changes will be made to the sales and service tax?
6. There is a perception that as GST is a multistage tax, it would result in higher effective tax rate than 4%. As GST is very technical, most people are unaware how it will impact them.
7. When will the GST rate be reviewed?

Recent media statement on its impact did not improve opinion on the introduction of GST. It is reported that under the sales and services tax system, the burden on the poor is 2.38%, but under the GST it will be 2.17%. For the higher income group, the tax burden will be reduced from 13% to 2.74%, according to the Finance Ministry. The overall savings for households will be between RM14.52 and RM346.92 yearly. This clearly contradicts other statement from politicians, and the public perception, that the GST will be inflationary. But as no further details are provided on how the savings are arrived at, public sentiment remains negative on GST.

Impact on businesses

The implementation of GST is expected to impact business in the following manner:

a) Compliance costs are expected to be incurred as there is requirement to track the input tax and output tax to determine refund or tax to be submitted. Even though some Malaysian companies are already paying sales tax or service tax, there was no input tax to be monitored and accounted for to offset against output tax.

b) Business process and procurement need to be mapped out, especially with respect to suppliers and promotional items. For example, a new car attract GST, but items provided for free during promotion - like sports rims or a GPS system – may not be eligible for an input tax claim. Likewise the corporate souvenirs and hampers given out by businesses may bot be eligible.

The procurement department should start detailing the sales tax or the existing tax paid for their items used a raw material. As the GST is expected to be lower than most current indirect tax, there should be some potential cost savings. This is also to avoid being overcharged by supplier that intends to add the GST over the existing price of its supplies after sales tax, there should be some potential cost saving.

c) Human resource factor: New staff may need to be employed to ensure a business is compliant and conversant with the GST requirement. As most staff have not been exposed to GST, training needs to be conducted.

d) Accounting system and account payable: The business would require an appropriate accounting system to keep track of the GST amounts. Most systems could be upgraded, and it is important to notify software vendors to test run the data to avoid any potential complication.


e) Cash flow management: Businesses should be aware that output GST may have to be settled before settlement of sales invoices by customer. Meanwhile, payables on which input tax has been claimed but remains unpaid after six months have to be accounted as output tax and are to be reclaimed as input tax only after payment is made. Businesses are concerned about the timeliness of the refund process as delays would results in a higher working capital cost.
In addition, businesses that have thin margins are worried about the speed of the refund for input tax, especially if the business is mainly exported-oriented and procures its raw material locally.

Readiness of the authorities system

The business community, NGO and charity organization are concerned about the ability of the authorities to implement GST smoothly. Australia, for example, had to bring in foreign experts to help in rollout of GST. It would be undermine investor confidence if the GST is not implemented in a structured manner with minimal hiccup.

Burdening the poor and those economically vulnerable: Some 32% of the household in Malaysia have an income under RM2,000 per month. The introduction of GST without the necessary revamp of subsidies will result in a heavier financial burden on poor and low-income families. Families with an income below RM2,000 a month do not have to pay personal income tax. With GST, things that are not basic necessities - toys, processed food, can food, packet drinks, and so on – could increase existing inflationary pressures. The ongoing restructuring of the subsidy will also create the tension, discomfort and dissatisfaction as people eligible for subsidy could unintentionally be left out as the government establishes and tries to refine its method of distribution.

The Possibility of another flip-flop

The GST was supposed to be implemented before the 13th general election but was postponed. There is a general opinion that if the economic condition does not improve, or the negative sentiments against the establishment of GST are severe, it will not be introduced. As such, most businesses are not going full swing into starting until they are very sure GST will be happen.

Usage of the revenue collected

Revenue collected from GST is expected to be about RM13billion, compared to the budgeted indirect tax collection of RM12billion. Though GST will enable the Government to reduce the deficit or create an alternative source of revenue, the massive wastage, corruption and abuses that occur have diminished public confidence in the benefits of providing the government with an additional source of revenue. The Port Klang Free Zone financial fiasco, issues highlighted in auditor-general report, the lack of transparency in the Naza land deal and the collapse of a new building in Terengganu has put the spotlight on the government’s ineffectiveness in curbing potential abuses and leakages. So creating a new source of revenue would not resolve the government’s problem or provide the confidence that this new source of revenue will be put to good use.


(This is first part of a two-part series)

Tuesday, January 26, 2010

蔡智勇:人口持续老化 消费税成税收替代来源



文:《星洲日报》

(吉隆坡)馬華消費稅特別小組主任蔡智勇說,大馬的出生率從6.2%下降至2.2%,預料2030年超過60歲的人口將占總人口的12%,在人口持續老化及納稅人減少的情況下,消費稅將成為政府稅收的替代來源。

他指出,大馬的傳統所得稅制度僅牽涉15%工作人口,從長遠看,人口老化將導致納稅人數萎縮,消費稅能將稅收平均分布到大批人口手上;目前世界共有143個國家徵收消費稅,而東盟僅有3國未實施該制度,即大馬、汶萊及緬甸。

“消費稅是‘累退稅’(regressive tax),其稅率統一,不會隨產品價格浮動;它也不是‘乘數稅’,不會出現‘層疊效應’(cascading effect);若某人以100令吉購買一樣產品,支付4令吉消費稅,過後以200令吉賣出,所收取的8令吉消費稅將扣除之前繳付的4令吉,因此,他只需向政府繳納4令吉稅款。”

他在新聞發佈會上說,實施消費稅並沒“最適合的時間”,因為紐西蘭落實消費稅制時,紐西蘭的失業率為10%;不過,他認為在經濟復蘇時才推行將能減緩衝擊。

“目前消費者也不清楚哪些產品須付銷售稅及服務稅,也不知道稅款是否有歸還給政府,消費稅的制度將更加統一及清晰。”

他透露,大馬的管制物價單位執法寬松,讓人民失去信心,好比最近面粉的津貼降低,一些商家竟把面粉價抬高20至30仙;因此,當局必須加強執法,以免一些商家在消費稅推行時趁機牟利。

他說,消費稅法案將於3月提呈國會二讀,距離其落實日期,即明年中旬僅有18個月時間。

他說,大馬32%家庭的月均收入低於2000令吉,政府必須詳細列出免付消費稅的產品,以兌現消費稅不會加劇貧窮人士負擔的承諾。

出席新闻发布会的包括该小组成员拿督斯里冯镇安、卢诚国、林熙杰及陈国永。

Wednesday, January 20, 2010

普通餐馆电脑或因消费税起价 32%中低收入家庭负担加重

《当今大马》 王德齐 19.01.2010

马华拉美士国会议员蔡智勇担忧,政府推出新消费税(GST)制度,再加上重整津贴制度削减财政负担,或会引发一次过的通膨效应,以及加重贫穷家庭的生活负担。

其中,收入少过2000令吉的32%家庭恐怕将会首当其冲,如果推行消费税过程中缺乏适当的津贴重整,这将对中低收入家庭带来影响。

“这是因为收入少过2000令吉的家庭(原本)无需缴交个人所得税。实行消费税后,购买房屋汽车都必须征税,购买非必需品(如玩具、熟食、罐头食品、包装水等)也一样,因此将加剧现有的通膨压力。”

此外,现有重整津贴行动也会制造紧张、不安和不满,因为一些原本有资格享用津贴的人民,可能会不小心被排除在外。

比如,现有的E-Kasih制度就面对许多问题,包括申请者必须填写多达24页文件,而一些获得福利局批准的人士未被列入名单内。这也拖延了实行新的白米固本制度。

或引发非统制品连环涨价

尽管政府已经表明必需品不会征收消费税,但也是马华消费税特别小组主任的蔡智勇在研究报告中,并不排除消费税会引发非统制物品涨价的连环效应。

这是因为我国过去见证许多例子,每当一些原产品涨价后,就会引发大多数物品和服务跟着起价,而相关部门无法控制涨势。

“比如,当汽油价格上涨到2令吉70仙,大多数物品、食物和服务价格都暴涨。不过,当汽油价格下滑时,这些物品的价格却没有随着更改。”

“最近的例子是废除白面包津贴,导致面包价格上涨20仙到30仙。副贸消部长只能说这项调整毫无必要,并敦促有关商家奉行企业社会责任,以及呼吁消费人利用他们的权利。这些声明都无法遏制过分的牟利活动,以及商家提高物品服务的价格。”

蔡智勇也表示,新加坡、澳洲、纽西兰和加拿大的资料显示,有关国家在推行消费税时都面对一次过的通膨阵痛,起初制定的税率将对通膨压力带来影响。

水果汽车香烟酒或较便宜

蔡智勇更分析,消费税对各项物品和服务带来的影响。他指出,普通餐馆、电脑和文具是具有可能起价的物品。

“根据初步估计,餐馆征收的消费税将比服务低1%,因为后者是5%,前者是4%。不过,如果有关餐馆时坐落在酒店外,收入介于50万到300万令吉,那么他就会更昂贵,(因为它原本需要征收服务税)。”

“另外,电脑和文具等普通物品,表面来看预料会起价,但如果国产税或进口税有下调,就可能会抵消掉消费税。”

其他一些征收更高的销售税的物品,则可能在推行消费税后出现便宜的情况,包括:
(一)水果、特定食物材料和建筑材料(5%销售税);
(二)普通物品包括汽车(10%销售税)
(三)烈酒和酒精饮品(20%销售税)
(四)香烟(25%销售税)

缺乏完整资讯令人民混淆

不过,蔡智勇也指出,在缺乏征税资料下,人民最担忧本身并不知道物品价格会维持、上升,还是下降。

尽管媒体上有数篇关于消费税的文章,但是它们只是提供零碎的资料,无法改变公众的印象。

根据媒体报道,第二财政部长披露,新消费税制度将把贫穷人士的税务负担,从传统税制的2.38%减少到2.17%。至于高收入人士的负担则会从13%减少到2.74%。每个家庭每年将能省下14令吉52仙到346令吉92仙。

“这明显和其他政治人物或公众认为会通膨的意见不同。但是,政府却没有提供怎样计算出这些节省,因此公众普遍仍持有负面意见。”

他指出,人民和商界所关注的课题包括有关当局是否会提供征税的完整名单、所得税会否减低、消费税会出现各层级累积的问题,以及消费税会否检讨。

民众怀疑政府是否会搁置

此外,实行新消费税制度可能带来其他问题或担忧,包括执法机构是否已经做好准备、政府会否朝令夕改,以及频频被揭发贪污丑闻的政府机关,能否善用新税制带来的10亿令吉附加收入。

它也可能为商界带来一些冲击,包括必须花更多钱和聘请更多人来处理新税务、研究宣传物品或免费样本是否应该征税、重新调整会计系统,以及更善于管理现金流动。

蔡智勇指出,消费税原本应该在上届大选前推出,但是最后却展延。因此,公众也普遍认为,如果经济情况变得更糟糕,或使群众对新税制非常不满,消费税就不会实行。

“因此,许多商家并非全力推展消费税,直到他们肯定这是势在必行。”

咨询各利益相关者的意见

鉴于这项新税制或会引发通膨,许多民众也感到混淆,因此蔡智勇建议,政府应该更鼓励民众参与这次的税务改革。

政府应该与所有利益相关者,包括消费人、小型商家和工业、非政府组织、慈善组织、税务专家、商会、工会和工业专家,举行一系列的咨询会议,已全面考虑他们的意见,并且准备做出必要的修改。

“政府不应该自以为他清楚全部东西,以及什么对民众最好。政府应该设下期限让民众提呈他们的建议,来鼓励公众参与。”

政府也需要设立一个特别委员会或工作队,来研究和监督消费税对人民的影响,鉴定和解决实行过程的问题,协助商家作出准备,展开教育工作,协调各政府部门的资源,以及获取人民和商界的反应。

此外,政府应该立即发出消费税的详细指南和规则,让各工业能够提早作出准备。政府也应该设立一个网站来提供消费税的最新讯息。

应全力遏制商家赚取暴利

针对通膨的问题,蔡智勇承认这项问题很难避免,但是政府应该全力遏制商家赚取暴利的问题。

他指出,媒体此前报道贸消部准备在3月提呈反暴利法案(Anti-profiteering Bill),这和其他143个推行消费税国家的做法相符。不过,他也关注,执法机关缺乏人力执法的问题。

“如果缺乏人力和执法,执法框架也只是纸上谈兵。因此,如果要提出任何法案,就必须确保有足够的资源和人力,以及相符的惩罚。”

他也建议提高推行初期征收消费税的标杆,从现有的50万令吉收入,提高到100万令吉。如此一来,这将能抵消消费税部分的影响。

建议减低公司个人所得税

针对重整津贴制度的问题,蔡智勇则表示,政府必须改善E-Kasih的制度,以免受到官僚作风的影响,包括减少需要填写的文件,以及缩短批准程序。

“政府应该只是设立一个全体政府部门都能使用的资料库,来鉴定需要援助的人。一个完整的体制将能够有效接触到需要援助的人士,协助抵消消费税的冲击。”

他也建议数项措施来协助人民适应新税制,包括减低公司和个人所得税,特别是中等收入的层次;减低国产税或进口税;提高薪水标准,让更多需要援助的人能够享受津贴,以及减少汽车的国产税。

他也表示,政府应该重整反贪会的独立性,加强调查和提控行动,将能减少人民认为消费税会出现疏漏的印象。

另一方面,他也针对事前准备、实行消费税以及事后监督的过程提出一系列详细的建议,协助新税制变得更加完善,并且让商家们做好准备。

促国阵领袖全力配合推动

蔡智勇更强调,政府必须明确发出消费税铁定进行的讯息。如果现有的消费税法案又再搁置,那么民众和商界就不会认真作出准备,势必打击其推行过程。

“推行消费税需要执政党领袖的支持,他们所传达的讯息也必须是一致,以避免混淆。”

Tuesday, January 19, 2010

大马人口老化需要扩展征税范围 蔡智勇提出七大实行消费税理由

《当今大马》 王德齐 19.01.2010

随着政府在去年年底提呈备受争议的消费税(GST)法案,马华拉美士国会议员蔡智勇昨日也针对这项新税制提出一份全面的研究报告,探讨实行消费税的利与弊,并提出数项建议来减缓其冲击。

也是马华消费税特别小组主任的蔡智勇,在这份报告中提出7大理由,来解释政府为什么需要实行消费税来取代现有的征税制度,包括所得税、销售税,以及服务税。

其中一项理由是,传统所得税制度只是牵涉15%工作人口,随着大马人口将逐渐老化,工作人口将会缩小。因此,我国需要改变税制,通过消费管道征税,来扩展征税人口。

消费税是依据消费数额而征税,消费越多就征税越多,相反传统的所得税制度,赚钱越多就征税越多。

消费税或引发一次过通膨

不过,这份研究报告也分析,推行消费税对个人和商业带来的冲击和问题,包括一次过通货膨胀、人民感到混淆、加重贫穷人民的负担,政府朝令夕改,以及附加收入会否获得善用。

蔡智勇更提出一系列对策,来改善政府实行消费税的方式。

《当今大马》将在第二篇报道中,详细报导这份报告所点出的冲击和问题,以及政府应该如何解决。

鼓励人们工作和企业发展

蔡智勇在报告中指出,除了需要实行消费税来创造替代收入来源,其他的可能理由包括:

(一)大马目前的生育率是2.2,因此乐龄人口将会增加。预料2030年,超过60岁的人口将总人口12%,使现今比率的一倍。因此,现有15%缴税工作人口将会减少,并让更小撮人承担更大的负担。消费税是一个大范围的征税,根据消费把税务均分到更大批人口手上。

(二)消费税将维护人们工作的动力,并鼓励企业发展,因为它不是累进税(progressive tax),税率不会根据收入水平而增加,反而维持一样。

(三)消费税是出产和派发过程中征收,因此纳入了自行监督机制,将能够有效协助当局,并且加强逃税的困难。这将会减少少报税而造成的收入损失。

有效从黑市经济征收税务

(四)预料大马实行的消费税制度不会有层叠效应(cascading effect),因为征收的税务是依据产品的最终价值,而非根据产量,以及它所经过的运输管道。此外,产品需要缴付的消费税也会受到原料的消费税抵消,因此不会出现税上加税的问题。

(五)预料消费税将提供更稳定的收入,因为消费和收入相比,较小受到经济循环的影响。

(六)消费税将能有效从“黑市经济”征收税务,因为涉及人士依然会消费,并通过消费税来间接缴税。涉及人士会较喜欢购买征收消费税的奢侈品。

(七)政府将在2010年减少营运开销13%。这显示政府清楚,我国赤字因为刺激配套而增加。惠誉评级公司已经降低令吉的评级,一旦令吉贬值将可能引发进口通膨,国际货币基金认为有必要尽快实行消费税。

各国在反对下仍继续实行

政府是在2009年12月16日提呈消费税法案一读,并表明他们将征收4%的税率。至于一些必需品则不会征税,以避免引发通膨。

世界上目前共有143个国家已经实行消费税,只有三个东南亚国家尚未实现,包括大马、汶莱和缅甸。

蔡智勇也表示,尽管消费税受到反对,但是大多数国家还是因为数个理由而实行消费税,而其实行期限也有所不同,各国是依据本地需要来定制不同的模式。

Monday, January 18, 2010

蔡智勇:冷静看待“阿拉”字眼争议

转载《中国报》 (10.01.10)

(昔加末9日讯)拉美士区国会议员蔡智勇促人民冷静看待天主教刊物《先锋报》使用“阿拉”字眼所引起的争议,不要企图制造争端。

他说,各造不应该把这事件种族化,以免破坏国家安宁,反之应耐心等候,而不是通过各种强烈手法表达不满,以免造成混乱。

他谴责不明人士对教堂抛汽油弹或纵火的攻击行为,破坏宗教和谐的目标。

蔡智勇希望在等候法庭审理期间,政府可以和宗教团体会面商讨,减低任何发生不愉快的可能性。

他昨午在选区发放4万5850令吉给21团体时说,不管信仰什么宗教,大家都是马来西亚公民,不应该发生互相伤害的事件。

另一方面,他指出,政府宣布调高白糖价格是为了调整津贴机制,让更多有需要的人受惠。

他说,目前不管收入多少,全国人民都可以享有白糖津贴,邻国人民也可以在我国购买白糖。

他指出,虽然政府每年以1亿令吉来津贴白糖,可是国内糖尿病患者人数在全世界216个国家当中却是排名第17,等于将津贴用在危害人民健康的食品上。

“卫生部预测如果国人摄取糖分的情况没有改善,截至2030年,将有260万人会面对糖尿病问题。”

他希望政府在调整津贴机制时,可以优先利惠低收入群,让津贴机制帮助真正有需要的人士。

Friday, December 11, 2009

国会答复:政府对拉美士国会选区原住民的援助

蔡智勇[拉美士区国会议员]询问乡村及区域发展部,政府进行的原住民协助计划已为拉美士区的原住民带来什么协助。

答复:

政府在第九大马计划下通过乡村及区域发展部,拨出3亿7千730万令吉给隶属该部门的原住民事务局。这笔拨款是用于进行各种活动或发展计划,以提高原住民的收入和生活素质。

目前,当局共拨出40万3千824令吉用作拉美士国会选区的原住民发展计划,包括房屋援助计划、修复基本设施和改变思想及态度活动。

此外,部门通过原住民事务局,在Kampung Juasseh的65.15公顷土地和Kampung Segamat Kecil 的48.56公顷土地,进行橡胶业小园主发展局(RISDA)的油棕种植,共有55人参与。

该局也与柔佛教育基金(Yayasan Pelajaran Johor Plantation)合作,进行一项名为“重新收集计划”的土地发展计划,这项占地1千505亩的油棕种植计划涵盖拉美士国会选区的5个原住民村,受惠者达188人。


Tuan Chua Tee Yong [Labis] minta Menteri Kemajuan Luar Bandar Dan Wilayah menyatakan sejauh mana dasar dan program kerajaan untuk memajukan Orang Asli telah membawa manfaat kepada Orang Asli di kawasan Parlimen Labis.

Jawapan:

Seperti mana Yang Berhormat sedia maklum bahawa Kerajaan telah memperuntukkan bajet pembangunan sejumlah RM377.3 juta di dalam RMK9 kepada Jabatan hal Ehwal Orang Asli (JHEOA) melalui Kementerian Kemajuan Luar Bandar dan Wilayah. Peruntukan tersebut bertujuan untuk pelaksanaan pelbagai program/ aktiviti pembangunan ke arah meningkatkan pendapatan, kesejahteraan dan kualiti hidup masyarakat Orang Asli.

Menerusi peruntukan RMK9 tersebut sehingga kini sejumlah RM403,824.00 telah diagihkan untuk projek dan program pembangunan masyarakat Orang Asli bagi Parlimen Labis. Menerusi peruntukan tersebut, pelbagai manfaat diterima merangkumi pembinaan rumah menerusi Program Bantuan Rumah (PBR), membaik pulih kemudahan prasarana dan pelaksanaan program-program pembangunan minda dan sikap.

Selain daripada itu, Kementerian menerusi JHEOA juga telah membangunkan kawasan seluas 65.15 hektar di Kampung Juasseh dan 48.56 hektar di Kampung Segamat Kecil dengan tanaman kelapa sawit yang dilaksanakan oleh RISDA melibatkan 55 peserta. JHEOA juga telah melaksanakan projek pembangunan tanah secara bersepadu menerusi Rancangan Pengumpulan Semula (RPS) dengan kerjasama Yayasan Pelajaran Johor (YPJ) Plantation merangkumi lima buah perkampungan Orang Asli di kawasan Parlimen Labis, dengan tanaman kelapa sawit di kawasan seluas 1,505 ekar yang memberi manfaat kepada 188 peserta.

Friday, December 4, 2009

消费税攻克影子经济 GST capturing the ‘shadow’ economy

马来西亚只有6.5%的人口缴税,这180万名缴税者只占了就业市场的15%。不过,这些年来大马的产业、汽车和奢侈品的销量都不错,难道缴税者真的只有那么少吗?试想想,如果只有180万缴税者,那些价值百万令吉的公寓和豪宅为何往往被抢购一空?为何豪华房车如马赛地、宝马和保时捷也不会乏人问津?指高级住宅产业主要是被外国人抢购的说法并不十分正确,因为外国买者都还不到产业市场的10%。

所以,我国的缴税者不可能只有180万人。消费税会导致我国面对一次性通胀,不过,如果政府改变补贴机制,让机制显得更公平,日常用品也豁免征收消费税,那么消费税有一定的可行性。如果国家缴税者少,人民购买力强,显示所得税的机制不够有效,形成影子经济。所以,以消费为计算基础的消费税制度可以让政府攻克影子经济,并且让人民带来好处,因为人民容易受到奢侈品的诱惑,这些奢侈品被征收消费税可以让人民保持谨慎的消费态度。打击贪污和逃税行为可以让政府收回原本属于政府的税务,同样的,消费税可以让政府通过征税,从中修复经济。如果每年200亿令吉流失的新闻报道属实,那么政府至少可以找回8亿令吉税收。虽然微不足道,不过总比有人没缴税好。

另外,虽然一些中小企业和商人通过减税计划来减低他们的税务,不过他们并不能减低消费。大部分实行消费税的国家在实行这项制度的初期都面临经济成长缓慢或负成长的情况,不过一旦消费者适应了新价格,需求就会回升,这意味着缴税者将增加。某方面建议政府批准公开拍卖汽车入口准证给私人界以获得税收,我同意这是一项不错的盈利来源,不过,政府将在2015年取消汽车入口准证制度,我们不应该等到汽车入口准证制度取消后才实行消费税,反之我们应该现在就开始实行消费税制度,如果同时进行就更好。

我国有32%人口的月薪少过2千令吉,如果政府可以缓和消费税的对这个收入群的影响,同时能更公平地分配补贴,执行消费税是有一定好处的。

In Malaysia only 6.5% of its population pays tax which is approximately 1.8million people or 15% of the working population. But is it possible that there are only so little people subject to income tax when properties, cars and luxury goods sales in Malaysia has been enjoying good takeup rates all these years. Just imagine if there is only 1.8million people that is subject to tax, who are the buyers of the majority condominium and residential properties ranging above RM1million that is usually snap up or luxury cars like Mercedes, bmw and Porsche. The argument that the high end residential properties are purchased mainly by foreigners is not valid as foreign buyers account for less than 10% of the purchases transacted in the market.

Thus it is not possible that there are only 1.8million people that have the income to pay taxes. GST will result in a one-off inflation but if the Government is able to revamp the distribution of subsidies equitably, and basic necessities are tax exempt the benefits of GST should be seriously considered. The fact that there is a small base of tax payers but a huge purchasing capacity indicates the ineffectiveness of income tax and the existent of the shadow economy which some people thrive on. Thus, GST by virtue being a consumption based tax would enable the Government to capture the shadow economy for the benefit of the rakyat as most of these people would probably indulge in luxury goods or big ticket items which would be subjected to GST. Similarly for corruption, GST would enable the Government to recover a portion of the ill gotten gains through taxes. I am not advocating corruption but it is better than not collecting a single sen. For instance if what is said by the media that yearly approximately RM20billion is siphoned out is true at least RM800million can be recovered. It is a paltry sum but better than not capturing anything as it is likely that these perpetrators are not paying any income tax.

In addition some SME and business people through some tax minimisation scheme is able to reduce their tax payable but it is unlikely for them to reduce their consumption. Most countries that implement GST initially do suffer a slow growth or negative growth when they just implement GST, but subsequently as consumer adjust to the new pricing the demand will return. This means it will increase the number tax payers. There are some parties that recommend we tax the AP that are issued, and I agree it is a good source of revenue but as AP will be phased out in 2015, we should not wait until this happens to at least kick start the mechanism of the GST. Better yet, do both concurrently.

Ultimately, if the Government is able to mitigate the effect of GST especially for the 32% of the population that has income below RM2,000 per month and revamp the distribution of the subsidies to be more equitable, implementing of GST does have its merits.